Election within Abraham's family, the believing remnant, and the future of the nation
…They Are Not All Israel, Which Are of Israel" Mean? Election within Abraham's family, the believing remnant, and the future of the nation Romans 9:6 is often used as a definition of spiritual Israel: "For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel." —Romans 9:6 The usual argume…
Read article →Circumcision of the heart and the identity of Paul's inward Jew
…ly descended Jew is no longer Jewish in every sense. Paul himself continues to identify unbelieving people as Jews throughout Romans. His point is qualitative and covenantal: the outward Jew is not the Jew who receives God's praise merely by possessing the name and sign. Likewise…
Read article →A sign of Israel's renewal, not Israel's disappearance
…al appeal insincere or the promised restoration meaningless. The Twelve embody a faithful remnant The apostles were Israelites. They did not stand outside the nation as a Gentile body arriving to replace it. Through them, Jesus gathered a faithful remnant within Israel. This patt…
Read article →Why Israel's failure cannot make the word of God fail
…, defends God's sovereign freedom, insists upon faith in Christ, and explains the present remnant. He then looks beyond Israel's partial blindness to the mercy still to come. At no point does he solve the problem by saying that Israel's name and promises now refer exclusively to…
Read article →A response to Michael Horton on the land promise, Amos 9, and the people of God
…m in order to be saved. God is taking from among the nations “a people for his name,” and believing Gentiles are received on the basis of grace through faith. That does not mean Gentiles become Jews. The New Testament continues to identify believing Gentiles as Gentiles. In Roman…
Read article →Christ the promised Seed, Gentile inheritance, and Paul's final blessing
…ing. There is therefore no conflict between spiritual unity and covenant particularity. A believing Jew and a believing Gentile possess the same righteousness, Spirit, access, and hope in Christ. God may still keep particular promises to the nation from which Messiah came without…
Read article →The olive tree, the natural branches, and the limits of the metaphor
…l and have therefore become Israel? The conclusion may appear obvious: there is one tree, believing Jews and Gentiles are branches within it, and unbelieving Jewish branches have been removed. Surely the tree is now the Church, the Church is Israel, and the distinction has disapp…
Read article →How the Law reaches its goal and appointed end in Christ
…aying that every individual Israelite rejected Christ. He himself was an Israelite, and a believing remnant remained. His grief concerns the widespread unbelief of his kinsmen and their attempt to establish their own righteousness rather than submit to the righteousness of God (R…
Read article →Fulfilment in Christ, the inclusion of the Gentiles, and Israel's future mercy
…Abraham's seed. The Church receives Israel's covenant titles, the kingdom is taken from unbelieving Israel and given to a fruit-bearing nation, and all God's promises are yea and amen in Christ. There is one gospel and one people of God, not two parallel plans. Therefore, the pro…
Read article →Conditional blessing, irrevocable promise, and fulfilment in Christ
…tly: "Hath God cast away his people?" His answer is "God forbid" (Romans 11:1). A present remnant demonstrates that the rejection is not total. The promised grafting in of the natural branches shows that it is not final. The patriarchal election explains why Israel remains "belov…
Read article →History, heresy, and the temptation of private Christianity
…on his account, sought salvation in private illumination rather than the public life of a believing community. Modern Protestants likewise elevate the knowing self over the church, inward experience over sacrament, escape over pilgrimage, and an enlightened minority over ordinary…
Read article →A history of interpretation, polemic, and forgotten tension
…ansformed in heart. The decisive move is the transfer of Israel's corporate identity. The believing Church does not merely share the blessing of Israel's Messiah; it becomes the true Israel over against the Jewish nation. Justin also expected a future earthly kingdom centred in J…
Read article →The question reaches beyond prophecy to the faithfulness of God
…, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin." —Romans 11:1 His first answer is the believing remnant: God had not rejected every Israelite. His argument then goes further. Israel's fall is not final, their blindness is "in part", and it lasts "until the fulness of the Gent…
Read article →What God's faithfulness to Israel means for everyone who trusts His promises
…would continue. He died in faith without receiving the fulness of what had been promised, believing that God remained able to perform it. Moses did not lead a symbol out of Egypt. He led the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob towards the land God had sworn to their fathers.…
Read article →Regathering, national rebirth, and the spiritual renewal still to come
…not by itself settle every prophetic question. The modern state is not yet the cleansed, believing, peaceful Israel described at the consummation of prophecy. It does force an important question: how should we read the many passages in which God promises to preserve Israel as a…
Read article →One Messiah, one gospel, and God's continuing purpose for Israel
…al accident. The nation rejected its Messiah, blind leaders lost their stewardship, and unbelieving branches were broken off. No responsible defence of Israel's future should minimise the seriousness of that judgement. These affirmations give permanent replacement its strongest p…
Read article →What Jesus promised the apostles about Israel's future
…before restoration. The prophets repeatedly join the two. God purges rebellion, brings a remnant through distress, cleanses the nation, and then establishes it under Messiah (Ezekiel 20:33-44; Zechariah 13:8-9). Righteous government over a restored Israel is therefore not the de…
Read article →The wicked husbandmen, the fruit-bearing nation, and what Jesus said afterwards
…with no national consequence. It is judgement upon Israel's corrupt leadership and the unbelieving order gathered under it, resulting in a genuine loss of kingdom privilege. What remains to be proved is whether that judgement is final and irrevocable. What is taken away? The par…
Read article →Defining the position before testing it
…ths. Christ recapitulates Israel's history, fulfils the law and the prophets, and gathers believing Jews and Gentiles into one body. The question is whether those truths entail the permanent cancellation of national promises. What supersessionism gets right A fair examination beg…
Read article →A forensic reading of Christ's Olivet Discourse
…el's Scriptures, election language can refer to the Messiah, to Israel, and to a faithful remnant within Israel. Isaiah is particularly important: "For Jacob my servant's sake, and Israel mine elect, I have even called thee by thy name." —Isaiah 45:4 "And I will bring forth a see…
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