How an openly transmitted text survived copying, criticism, and centuries of examination
…ference is still counted as a variant, even when it changes nothing in translation. Other variants involve word order, a missing phrase, or wording with a real difference in meaning. The existence of variants is therefore not the conclusion of the enquiry; it is the material the…
Read article →Isaiah, John, and the Divine Identity of Jesus Christ
…f. The Hebrew levaddî means “alone” or “by myself”. The final expression has a recognised textual distinction: the traditional marginal reading gives “by myself”, while the written consonantal reading can be understood as the question “Who was with me?” Both readings exclude a co…
Read article →Testing Islam's evidence for divine revelation
…rhetoric shifts between definitions. "Not one letter has changed" suggests the absence of textual plurality or historical decision. More informed explanations appeal to authorised readings, early standardisation, scribal conventions and divine providence operating through the ent…
Read article →Which Gospel does the Qur'an affirm?
…rs have consequently spoken of false interpretation, oral misrepresentation, concealment, textual alteration and loss in different combinations. But the passages do not establish that the entire Torah and Gospel had been textually replaced throughout every Jewish and Christian co…
Read article →Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence
…manuscripts have been presented as thousands of corruptions, while every form of Qur’anic textual plurality is classified as perfect preservation, he has been taught two standards rather than one. Many of these young men had not been persuaded out of Christianity as it actually e…
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