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10 results for “Arian controversy”

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Article · ChristologyBiblical exposition · Christian apologetics · Christological analysis

“I Am the First, and I Am the Last”

Isaiah, John, and the Divine Identity of Jesus Christ

…of the Creator–creature distinction. Can “all things” mean “all other things”? A serious Arian response does not propose self-creation. It proposes an unexpressed exception: God first created the Word directly and then created everything else through Him. Universal expressions c…

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Article · ChristologyBiblical theology · Christological analysis · Historical theology · Primary-source study · Pastoral theology

Did the Incarnation Limit God?

Eustathius of Antioch, the human soul of Christ and the pictures created by our words

…hose questions. That is not a criticism of the council. It is a reminder that theological controversy usually advances by asking one precise question at a time. A formula written to exclude one error does not automatically resolve every related problem. Eustathius stood near the…

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Article · ChristologyBiblical theology · Christological analysis · Historical theology · Primary-source study · Christian apologetics

Does Eternal Mean Divine?

Origen, Arius and the line between Creator and creation

…es regularly confess that Jesus Christ is “very God of very God, begotten, not made.” The controversy can therefore appear settled. Historically, it is settled. Culturally, it is not. The deity of Christ is challenged from almost every direction. In Britain, Easter regularly brin…

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Article · Christian DoctrineHistorical investigation · Apologetics · Primary-source study

What Really Happened at Nicaea?

Constantine, Arius, the Trinity, the biblical canon—and the myths that refuse to die

…owledge development without conceding invention. The vocabulary became more exact because controversy exposed ambiguity. A doctrine may be defined later than it is believed. The word incarnation is not a biblical word either; the question is whether it accurately describes the bi…

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Article · Christian DoctrineBiblical exposition · Apologetics · Comparative theology

Not Three Gods

Why the Trinity is not polytheism—and why Christians confess one God

…ather, Son, and Spirit from the earliest centuries. Terminology became more exact because controversy demanded clarity. Tertullian, writing more than a century before Nicaea, argued for one divine substance while distinguishing Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. His vocabulary was not…

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Article · Comparative ReligionHistorical study · Apologetics · Comparative theology · Biblical discernment

Revelation or Reception?

Sources behind Qur’anic narratives

…red in a world alive with biblical names, Jewish interpretation, Christian preaching, sectarian disagreement, devotional legend and stories carried across languages by travellers, merchants, clergy and ordinary believers. That observation does not disprove revelation. A revelatio…

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Article · Christian DoctrinePersonal reflection · Historical theology · Theological analysis · Primary-source study

Standing at the Door

An unrequited love for the historic Church

…ntained. Some development is both unavoidable and legitimate. The Church may be forced by controversy to define terms more precisely. The Nicene confession did not invent the deity of Christ; it guarded the apostolic witness against interpretations designed to evade it. A later f…

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Article · Bible and ManuscriptsHistorical study · Apologetics · Comparative theology

The Injeel Problem

Which Gospel does the Qur'an affirm?

…Peter's behaviour contradicted the gospel they shared. Early Christianity was not free of controversy. Jewish and Gentile believers disputed circumcision, table fellowship and the application of the Mosaic law. Acknowledging those conflicts is honest history. Turning every disput…

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Article · Comparative ReligionApologetics · Comparative theology · Biblical exposition · Theological reflection

The Sum of These Things

Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence

…concession should be made wherever the evidence requires it. The Bible contains textual variants. The Qur’an possesses literary power. The Hebrew word translated “Messiah” in Daniel can describe more than one kind of anointed person. The Qur’an does not explicitly name Ishmael a…

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