How an openly transmitted text survived copying, criticism, and centuries of examination
…y can now know what it originally said. That claim sounds formidable until we ask how the biblical text was actually transmitted. The Bible did not pass through one secret chain in which a single guardian could rewrite every copy. Its books were read publicly, copied repeatedly,…
Read article →Which Gospel does the Qur'an affirm?
…century polemicist Ibn Hazm becoming an especially forceful defender of corruption in the biblical text itself. Earlier Muslim views were not uniform. We should neither pretend that textual corruption was wholly invented by Ibn Hazm nor read the most developed later theory automa…
Read article →Four popular claims tested in context
…ammad can be made to resemble someone mentioned in Scripture. The question is whether the biblical author identifies a future figure by characteristics which Muhammad actually fulfils. Three standards will govern the examination: Immediate context: words receive their meaning fro…
Read article →The Messiah cut off before the Temple fell
…nted” in Isaiah 45:1 because God appointed him for a particular task. The original Hebrew manuscripts did not contain an English capital letter announcing that every occurrence of the word referred to the final Messiah. Nor does the Hebrew use the definite article here in the sam…
Read article →Testing Islam's evidence for divine revelation
…se its voice cannot be reproduced without becoming imitation. Shakespeare, Milton and the biblical prophets possess distinctive styles. No second writer can become Isaiah by approximating Isaiah's cadences. Yet stylistic singularity does not prove that every singular work was ver…
Read article →Sources behind Qur’anic narratives
…ratives The Qur’an did not emerge in a cultural vacuum. It appeared in a world alive with biblical names, Jewish interpretation, Christian preaching, sectarian disagreement, devotional legend and stories carried across languages by travellers, merchants, clergy and ordinary belie…
Read article →Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence
…al fiction, not the Jesus presented across the Gospels. If he leaves because thousands of biblical manuscripts have been presented as thousands of corruptions, while every form of Qur’anic textual plurality is classified as perfect preservation, he has been taught two standards r…
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