Simon Greenleaf · Legal examination of testimony · 1846
Greenleaf's work is worthwhile because it asks readers to take the four Gospel witnesses seriously as testimony rather than dismissing them by prejudice or accepting them without examination. His legal approach draws attention to the difference between cont…
View recommendation →The divine identity of Jesus across the Gospels
Not Just a Prophet The divine identity of Jesus across the Gospels Islam honours Jesus in ways which Christians should acknowledge accurately. The Qur'an calls Him the Messiah, describes Him as a word from God, affirms His virgin birth and attribute…
Read article →Isaiah, John, and the Divine Identity of Jesus Christ
…hat contradicts the speaker’s claim.[^32] The Hypostasis of the Archons, preserved as the fourth tractate in Nag Hammadi Codex II, depicts the chief ruler as blind and arrogant. His assertion of sole deity prompts a correcting voice from above. Here again the declaration proves h…
Read article →Why the Son assumed a complete human nature, not merely a body
…essions and bodily symptoms. The Son truly sorrowed in the human life He had assumed. The Gospels repeatedly show that inner life. Jesus marvelled (Matthew 8:10). He had compassion (Matthew 9:36). He groaned in spirit and wept at Lazarus’s tomb (John 11:33–35). He looked upon the…
Read article →The crucifixion in history, Scripture and the Qur'an
…ad happened and that God had overturned its apparent defeat through the resurrection. The four Gospel accounts All four canonical Gospels devote substantial attention to Jesus' arrest, condemnation, crucifixion, death and burial (Matthew 26-27; Mark 14-15; Luke 22-23; John 18-19)…
Read article →Eustathius of Antioch, the human soul of Christ and the pictures created by our words
…s modern preaching. Christians were struggling with its underlying questions in the early fourth century, even as they defended the eternal deity of the Son. Eustathius of Antioch saw one danger with unusual clarity: if the divine Word merely took the place of a human soul inside…
Read article →History, heresy, and the temptation of private Christianity
…inition is sufficiently demanding. Historically Gnostic systems characteristically joined four claims. First, the basic human problem was ignorance of our transcendent origin, and salvation came through awakening or revealed acquaintance. In the Gospel of Truth, ignorance produce…
Read article →Does John 6 teach the literal eating of Christ's body?
…ady given to the one who believes: present eternal life and resurrection at the last day. Fourth, the language of drinking blood was already intensely shocking without any corresponding lexical escalation. Vividness is part of the offence of the image. It does not by itself ident…
Read article →A response to Hank Hanegraaff on resurrection, Daniel’s final week, and the Tribulation
…dispensationalism distinguishes Israel from the Church. It does not therefore require two gospels, two saviours or two methods of salvation. Jews and Gentiles are reconciled to God through the blood of Christ. The distinction concerns covenantal identity, historical vocation and…
Read article →Testing Islam's evidence for divine revelation
…duce it. If a feature of the Qur'an is offered as evidence of divine authorship, at least four questions must be asked: Is the alleged feature actually present? Was it identified by clear rules rather than discovered through selective treatment? Is it beyond a credible human expl…
Read article →Why the distinction matters when we speak about Jesus
…ting his suffering as deserved. Historical fairness does not weaken doctrinal conviction. Four Guardrails Around the Mystery At the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, the Church described Christ as one and the same Son, complete in deity and complete in humanity, existing in two nat…
Read article →Sources behind Qur’anic narratives
…eives dates and water beside a palm tree. These are not stories found in the Torah or the four Gospels. Yet recognisable forms of them appear within the religious narrative world of late antiquity. The superficial accusation is easy: Muhammad heard old legends and copied them int…
Read article →Which Gospel does the Qur'an affirm?
…bestowed upon Jesus, just as the Torah was given to Moses and the Qur'an to Muhammad. The four canonical Gospels, by contrast, are narratives about Jesus written by later authors. Paul's letters are later still and cannot simply be identified with a book given to Jesus. An inform…
Read article →Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence
…ed what Christians mean when they say that God is one. We have followed Jesus through the Gospels and asked whether He can be contained within the category of prophet. We have considered eternal love, the crucifixion, divine justice, forgiveness and assurance. We have tested the…
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