Simon Greenleaf · Legal examination of testimony · 1846
…remains a stimulating contribution to the cumulative case for the trustworthiness of the Gospels. This is a work of nineteenth-century legal apologetics, not a modern historical or legal consensus. Greenleaf assumes traditional Gospel authorship and uses rules of evidence from h…
View recommendation →The divine identity of Jesus across the Gospels
Not Just a Prophet The divine identity of Jesus across the Gospels Islam honours Jesus in ways which Christians should acknowledge accurately. The Qur'an calls Him the Messiah, describes Him as a word from God, affirms His virgin birth and attribute…
Read article →Fulfilment in Christ, the inclusion of the Gentiles, and Israel's future mercy
…lessing. Neither principle, by itself, establishes the permanent exclusion of Israel. The Gospels begin with Israel's covenant hope The announcement of Jesus' birth is unmistakably messianic and national: "He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lor…
Read article →Isaiah, John, and the Divine Identity of Jesus Christ
Isaiah declares that YHWH alone creates, saves and receives the allegiance of every knee. Follow the cumulative biblical case for the divine identity of Jesus, with serious engagement with the strongest objections.
Read article →Unity in Christ and distinction in God's purpose
The one new man, Abraham's seed, and Romans 11's olive tree examined to distinguish equal standing in Christ from identity of calling.
Read article →Responding to five common criticisms without defending what Scripture does not require
…ugh faith, centred in Christ. It distinguishes Israel and the Church without teaching two gospels or two redeemers. The following answers do not prove the whole system. They clear away five common criticisms so the actual biblical questions can be heard. Criticism 1: “Dispensatio…
Read article →Why the Son assumed a complete human nature, not merely a body
…essions and bodily symptoms. The Son truly sorrowed in the human life He had assumed. The Gospels repeatedly show that inner life. Jesus marvelled (Matthew 8:10). He had compassion (Matthew 9:36). He groaned in spirit and wept at Lazarus’s tomb (John 11:33–35). He looked upon the…
Read article →The crucifixion in history, Scripture and the Qur'an
…its apparent defeat through the resurrection. The four Gospel accounts All four canonical Gospels devote substantial attention to Jesus' arrest, condemnation, crucifixion, death and burial (Matthew 26-27; Mark 14-15; Luke 22-23; John 18-19). This should be stated carefully. The f…
Read article →Eustathius of Antioch, the human soul of Christ and the pictures created by our words
…tial to being human. It also supplied an argument against the full deity of the Word. The Gospels attribute weakness and suffering to Jesus. He grows weary, becomes troubled, experiences sorrow and undergoes death. If the Word occupies the place of the human soul, those changing…
Read article →History, heresy, and the temptation of private Christianity
…early every disagreement as proof of apostasy. There is also a commanded refusal of false gospels and destructive teaching. Faithfulness requires both charity and boundaries. The question is whether separation is governed by apostolic truth, proportion, patience, and accountable…
Read article →Does John 6 teach the literal eating of Christ's body?
John 6 examined in sequence: Christ identifies eating and drinking with coming, hearing, and believing, while Tertullian and Augustine confirm that this reading is ancient.
Read article →A response to Hank Hanegraaff on resurrection, Daniel’s final week, and the Tribulation
…dispensationalism distinguishes Israel from the Church. It does not therefore require two gospels, two saviours or two methods of salvation. Jews and Gentiles are reconciled to God through the blood of Christ. The distinction concerns covenantal identity, historical vocation and…
Read article →Testing Islam's evidence for divine revelation
…ation and the historical Jesus? The preceding articles have established the conflict: The Gospels identify Jesus within the divine identity; the Qur'an denies His divine Sonship. The crucifixion is embedded in the earliest Christian proclamation and established by historical evid…
Read article →The question reaches beyond prophecy to the faithfulness of God
…faithfulness to promises made long before Pentecost. Nor does Israel's future create two gospels. If Israel is saved, Israel will be saved through the Deliverer who comes out of Sion and turns away ungodliness from Jacob (Romans 11:26-27). National election never removes the nee…
Read article →Why the distinction matters when we speak about Jesus
…e distinction between Person and nature becomes practical as soon as we begin reading the Gospels carefully. Without it, we will tend to fall into one of two errors. The first is confusing the natures. We may speak as though the divine nature became ignorant, developed, suffered…
Read article →Sources behind Qur’anic narratives
…dates and water beside a palm tree. These are not stories found in the Torah or the four Gospels. Yet recognisable forms of them appear within the religious narrative world of late antiquity. The superficial accusation is easy: Muhammad heard old legends and copied them into the…
Read article →An unrequited love for the historic Church
…the Church dispersed throughout the world. Different languages did not produce different gospels. The churches of Germany, Spain, Gaul, the East, Egypt and Libya preserved the same proclamation. The Church held it, he said, as though dwelling in one house and possessing one hear…
Read article →E. W. Bullinger · Sermons · 1892
…rather than an isolated prophetic curiosity. He ranges across the Law, Prophets, Psalms, Gospels, Epistles, and Revelation, drawing attention to the sheer weight of Scripture devoted to Christ's return. The sermons combine expectation, careful textual observation, and practical…
View recommendation →Which Gospel does the Qur'an affirm?
…esus, just as the Torah was given to Moses and the Qur'an to Muhammad. The four canonical Gospels, by contrast, are narratives about Jesus written by later authors. Paul's letters are later still and cannot simply be identified with a book given to Jesus. An informed Muslim may a…
Read article →The brothers of Jesus, the sons of Mary, and an argument of strong plausibility
…rejection by relatives; it identifies the rejecters as the sufferer’s mother’s sons. The Gospels then identify Jesus as Mary’s son, name His brothers, and record their unbelief. Conclusion Psalm 69 presents a unified portrait of righteous suffering that the New Testament repeate…
Read article →Two accounts of judgement, mercy, and the sinner's hope before God
A fair comparison of the Islamic scales of judgement with the Christian gospel of substitution, imputed righteousness, and assurance in Christ.
Read article →Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence
…ed what Christians mean when they say that God is one. We have followed Jesus through the Gospels and asked whether He can be contained within the category of prophet. We have considered eternal love, the crucifixion, divine justice, forgiveness and assurance. We have tested the…
Read article →What Jesus promised the apostles about Israel's future
…e and united to Christ. Kingdom assignments concern service under the King, not different gospels or degrees of justification. The promise survives Israel's failure Jesus made this promise while moving towards Jerusalem, where He would be rejected and crucified. He knew Israel's…
Read article →The wicked husbandmen, the fruit-bearing nation, and what Jesus said afterwards
…adicts it. What did Jesus say after the kingdom was taken? A chronological harmony of the Gospels helps here, not because a modern arrangement carries authority, but because it places the inspired accounts alongside one another and makes their narrated sequence easier to see. Mat…
Read article →The Gospel, Human Perception, and the Illuminating Work of the Holy Spirit
When someone rejects the gospel, what have they understood? A biblical examination of human perception, accountability, and the Spirit's work in bringing sinners to Christ.
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