How an openly transmitted text survived copying, criticism, and centuries of examination
…and carried across a wide geographical area. That history did produce differences between manuscripts. It also produced the evidence by which those differences can be identified and examined. The honest Christian case is not that every handwritten copy is identical. It is that th…
Read article →Which Gospel does the Qur'an affirm?
…Arabia itself must be handled carefully. We need not claim that Muhammad inspected Greek manuscripts or that a complete written Arabic Bible was already common in Mecca. Christian Scripture may often have reached Arabic speakers through Syriac, Ethiopic, Greek, liturgy, preachin…
Read article →Testing Islam's evidence for divine revelation
…istorical evidence. Its text did not suddenly appear many centuries after Muhammad. Early manuscripts and an early standardised consonantal tradition provide substantial evidence that the received Qur'an is rooted close to Islam's beginnings. Christians should concede that withou…
Read article →Sources behind Qur’anic narratives
…ns of Alexander’s northern gate and extraordinary journeys are older still. The surviving manuscripts themselves are later than both the proposed Syriac composition and the Qur’an. Dating therefore depends upon historical allusions, literary development and comparison with relate…
Read article →The Messiah cut off before the Temple fell
…nted” in Isaiah 45:1 because God appointed him for a particular task. The original Hebrew manuscripts did not contain an English capital letter announcing that every occurrence of the word referred to the final Messiah. Nor does the Hebrew use the definite article here in the sam…
Read article →Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence
…n, not the Jesus presented across the Gospels. If he leaves because thousands of biblical manuscripts have been presented as thousands of corruptions, while every form of Qur’anic textual plurality is classified as perfect preservation, he has been taught two standards rather tha…
Read article →Four popular claims tested in context
…? There is no Greek manuscript evidence that John wrote periklutos in these passages. The manuscripts read paraklētos. The alleged substitution is not a discovered textual variant; it is a conjecture created because the transmitted word does not name Muhammad. It also fails inter…
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