Article · Christian HopeBiblical exposition · Theological reflection · Historical study
Seeing God, bodily resurrection, and life in the renewed creation
Is the Beatific Vision the Whole Christian Hope? Seeing God, bodily resurrection, and life in the renewed creation The beatific vision is the Christian teaching that the redeemed will see God and find their perfect happines…
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Not escape from the body, but its redemption
The Hope of the Resurrection Not escape from the body, but its redemption Many people imagine the Christian hope as an endless disembodied existence: the soul released from the body, leaving the…
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Israel's Messiah, Israel's Scriptures, and a gospel for the world
…Israel's Messiah, Israel's Scriptures, and a gospel for the world To many Jewish people, Christianity appears thoroughly foreign. Its historic centres became Rome, Constantinople, Canterbury, Geneva, and countless cities far from Jerusalem. Its Scriptures have been used to justi…
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John Bunyan · Christian allegory · 1678
I recommend The Pilgrim's Progress because it gives memorable form to truths Christians often know only as abstractions. Bunyan makes conviction, temptation, discouragement, fellowship, perseverance, and hope into places and people that stay in the mind. It rewards r…
View recommendation →Article · Comparative ReligionApologetics · Gospel foundations · Comparative theology
Two accounts of judgement, mercy, and the sinner's hope before God
The Scales and the Cross Two accounts of judgement, mercy, and the sinner's hope before God How will I stand before God? The question reaches deeper than religious labels. We know that our actions matter, that evil deserves judgement, and that our own record is not…
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Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence
The Sum of These Things Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence “Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Ma…
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The event is explicit; the real dispute is its timing
Every Christian Should Believe in the Rapture The event is explicit; the real dispute is its timing The rapture is often treated as though it were an eccentric event invented by dispensationalists…
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What God's faithfulness to Israel means for everyone who trusts His promises
…erform, confidence becomes impossible. Faith would rest not upon revelation, but upon our hope that the words will retain their recognisable meaning when fulfilment comes. The future of Israel is therefore not a specialised controversy at the edge of Christian doctrine. It tests…
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A history of interpretation, polemic, and forgotten tension
…Christ and the Church. The resulting history is neither simple nor flattering. Some early Christian writers defended essential truths: Jesus is Israel's Messiah, the law cannot justify, Gentiles are full heirs in Christ, and the Old Testament finds its goal in Him. Yet those trut…
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Divine judgement, the character of God, and the promise of escape
…pe The claim that the Church is not appointed to wrath is sometimes answered too quickly. Christians plainly suffer. Jesus promised tribulation in the world. The apostles endured imprisonment, violence, loss, and martyrdom. Across the world, believers still suffer precisely becau…
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Signs, expectancy, and the event the Church is told to await
…Testament repeatedly directs believers towards Christ Himself: "Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ." —Titus 2:13 "For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Chri…
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Jesus and the fountain of living water
…re is a thirst deeper than the body's need. It is the ache of the soul when the things we hoped would satisfy us have not done so. Success can distract it. Pleasure can briefly numb it. Religion can cover it with activity. None of these can give life. On the last and greatest day…
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Christ the promised Seed, Gentile inheritance, and Paul's final blessing
…believing Jew and a believing Gentile possess the same righteousness, Spirit, access, and hope in Christ. God may still keep particular promises to the nation from which Messiah came without creating a second gospel or a superior way of salvation. What is the rule in Galatians 6?…
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The olive tree, the natural branches, and the limits of the metaphor
…n precisely the direction of the attitude Paul forbids. The passage does not accuse every Christian who interprets the Church as Israel of personal arrogance. It does establish that the metaphor was designed to prevent Gentile believers from treating Jewish exclusion as proof of…
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Responding to five common criticisms without defending what Scripture does not require
…the date of a system's formulation does not determine whether its interpretation is true. Christian theology repeatedly developed more precise vocabulary when questions forced believers to bring biblical truths into a coherent account. Later systematisation can clarify Scripture…
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What 'yea and Amen' in Christ means for Israel and the covenants
…ise is certain in the divine purpose fulfilled through Christ, but it does not make every Christian Noah or give every believer the sign and historical commission given to him. God promised that Sarah would bear Isaac, that David would have an enduring royal house, that Mary woul…
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Why apantēsis does not settle the timing of the rapture
…onclusion is overstated. What Paul actually says Paul's immediate concern is the grief of Christians whose fellow believers have died. He assures them that the departed will not miss the Lord's coming: "For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice o…
Read article →Article · Biblical ProphecyBiblical exposition · Apologetics · Theological reflection
Abraham, Lot, divine wrath, and a pattern that must be used carefully
…a complete proof. It is one strand in a larger biblical cord. The Judge will do right The hope of deliverance finally rests not in our ability to map every detail but in the character of God. He knows how to distinguish persecution from His wrath, His children from the objects of…
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The gathering of the elect, one taken and one left, and Paul's revealed mystery
…an answer from the context, not the slogan that Matthew concerns Jews while Paul concerns Christians. The contextual differences must be demonstrated, and the similarities must not be denied. The Olivet Discourse is anchored in Daniel and Jerusalem Jesus' teaching begins with the…
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Fulfilment in Christ, the inclusion of the Gentiles, and Israel's future mercy
…, establishes the permanent exclusion of Israel. The Gospels begin with Israel's covenant hope The announcement of Jesus' birth is unmistakably messianic and national: "He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne…
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Why Israel's failure cannot make the word of God fail
…ted day and night has spoken it. Christ confirms rather than dissolves the promises Every Christian interpretation must be centred upon Jesus Christ. He is Abraham's Seed, David's Son, the mediator of the new covenant, and the only Saviour of Israel and the nations. No promise re…
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Testing Islam's evidence for divine revelation
Is the Qur'an a Miracle? Testing Islam's evidence for divine revelation Christians are frequently placed on the defensive. Has the Bible been corrupted? Did Jesus really claim to be God? Was He actually crucified? Has the doctrine of the Trinity compromised mono…
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The question reaches beyond prophecy to the faithfulness of God
…ecy to the faithfulness of God Has the Church replaced Israel in the purpose of God? Some Christians answer yes, although they may prefer words such as fulfilled, transformed, or expanded. They believe that Israel's promises have reached their true meaning in Christ and now belon…
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Regathering, national rebirth, and the spiritual renewal still to come
…sappear into the nations among which they lived. Their Scriptures, worship, identity, and hope of return endured. On 14 May 1948, Jewish sovereignty was re-established in the ancestral land through the declaration of the State of Israel. That event does not by itself settle every…
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One Messiah, one gospel, and God's continuing purpose for Israel
…the prophets, the teaching of Jesus, Acts, Romans, Galatians, Hebrews, and the history of Christian interpretation, the cumulative answer is no. God has judged Israel severely. The nation remains largely in unbelief and cannot inherit saving blessing apart from Jesus Christ. Yet…
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Four popular claims tested in context
…that the coming of Muhammad was written in the Torah and the Gospel possessed by Jews and Christians: "Those who follow the messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write, whom they will find described in the Torah and the Gospel (which are) with them" (Surah 7:157, Pickth…
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Election within Abraham's family, the believing remnant, and the future of the nation
…pares the reader morally to receive Paul's conclusion. Gentiles must hear Israel's future hope without pride, appropriation, or contempt. The complete movement can therefore be followed like this: | Passage | Function in the argument | |---|---| | Romans 8:28-39 | God's purpose,…
Read article →Article · Israel and the ChurchApologetics · Biblical discernment
Defining the position before testing it
…theology" is a useful popular label, but it can also conceal important differences. Many Christians accused of teaching that the Church replaced Israel would reject that wording. They believe that the Church is the fulfilment, continuation, or expansion of Israel rather than its…
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The positive argument of the whole series, brought together
…in the air (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18; 1 Corinthians 15:50-54). The question is not whether Christians should believe in that gathering. The question is where it belongs within the wider prophetic programme. Pretribulationism gains its strength from several strands which converge.…
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