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Search by subject, then refine by approach. A prophecy study may also be apologetic or discerning because subject tells you what it examines, while approach tells you how it examines it.
35 results for “Christianity”
Clear searchR. V. Sellers · Theological biography and history of doctrine · 1928
A reconstruction of the life, conflicts, surviving writings, and Christology of Eustathius of Antioch, a prominent opponent of Arianism whose career illuminates both the Council of Nicaea and the unsettled theological and political struggles which followed it.
View recommendation →Marvin W. Meyer · Historical sourcebook · 1987
A wide-ranging collection of ancient texts which opens a window onto the mystery religions of the Mediterranean world—their gods, initiations, sacrifices, prayers, festivals, secret rites, and hopes for blessing or life beyond death.
View recommendation →Brian E. Daley · Historical theology · 1991
A broad survey of Christian teaching about the last things across the first seven centuries, tracing the many ideas which developed around death, resurrection, judgment, the intermediate state, the millennium, and the final destiny of creation.
View recommendation →Hippolytus · Exposition, prophecy, and polemic · early third century
Surviving treatises and fragments associated with an early third-century Christian teacher, including extensive rebuttals of rival systems and some of the earliest substantial Christian exposition of Daniel, Antichrist, Christ's return, and the coming kingdom.
View recommendation →Irenaeus of Lyons · Early Christian theology and polemic · c. 180–190
The surviving works and fragments of a second-century Christian writer, above all Against Heresies, defending the apostolic faith against Gnostic systems through sustained appeals to Scripture, creation, incarnation, resurrection, and the unity of God's purpose.
View recommendation →Tertullian · Apologetic, doctrinal, and practical treatises · c. 197–220
A large and varied body of early Latin Christian writing which defends believers before Roman society, answers pagan and doctrinal opponents, develops arguments about God and Christ, and presses Christians towards serious holy living.
View recommendation →Eitan Bar · Biblical and historical polemic · 2019
A Jewish believer's response to common rabbinic objections to Jesus and Christianity, examining messianic prophecy, the New Testament's use of Israel's Scriptures, the identity of Messiah, and the historical barriers which have kept many Jewish readers from considering Yeshua.
View recommendation →Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence
The Sum of These Things Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence “Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Ma…
Read article →Which Gospel does the Qur'an affirm?
…no one can now locate in their history? This is the Injeel problem. It is not merely that Christianity and Islam disagree. It is that Islam appeals to a Gospel which it cannot historically produce, while rejecting the Gospel which history actually supplies. The strongest Islamic…
Read article →Two accounts of judgement, mercy, and the sinner's hope before God
…it against failure. The Bible also teaches a perfectly just judgement according to works. Christianity does not replace moral seriousness with divine indifference. Yet at the centre of the gospel stands an answer that no scale can supply: the Judge has provided a substitute, and…
Read article →The Venerable Bede · Ecclesiastical and national history · 731
…Conversion of England Mission Anglo-Saxons Monasticism Kings and bishops Roman and Celtic Christianity Church history
View recommendation →Augustine of Hippo · Spiritual autobiography and prayer · c. 397–400
Augustine's searching account of restless desire, intellectual wandering, entrenched sin, conversion, memory, prayer, and the grace of God, written not merely as autobiography but as an extended confession addressed to God.
View recommendation →History, heresy, and the temptation of private Christianity
Have Evangelicals Become Neo-Gnostics? History, Heresy, and the Temptation of Private Christianity The accusation identifies real evangelical deformations—secret-key religion, escape rhetoric, elite conversion status, and churchless faith—but fails when it becomes a historica…
Read article →Israel's Messiah, Israel's Scriptures, and a gospel for the world
…Israel's Messiah, Israel's Scriptures, and a gospel for the world To many Jewish people, Christianity appears thoroughly foreign. Its historic centres became Rome, Constantinople, Canterbury, Geneva, and countless cities far from Jerusalem. Its Scriptures have been used to justi…
Read article →What mercy, holiness and the cross reveal about God
…revealed by what it does when the beloved is undeserving and the cost is real. Islam and Christianity both speak of divine mercy, forgiveness and love. A fair comparison cannot begin by pretending that the Qur'an presents Allah as merciless or that Muslims worship a deity who ne…
Read article →The Gospel, Human Perception, and the Illuminating Work of the Holy Spirit
…nd some of it while misunderstanding the rest? Did our words awaken a familiar picture of Christianity assembled from school lessons, political arguments, religious hypocrisy, painful experiences, and things Christians themselves should never have taught? The question is not whet…
Read article →Dave Hunt · Devotional theology and biblical exhortation · 2000
A wide-ranging call to recover the seriousness of the gospel, wholehearted love for God, biblical discipleship, the necessity of the cross, fidelity to Christian doctrine, and a life shaped by Christ's return.
View recommendation →The incarnation, the limits of created perspective and the love philosophy could not imagine
…ay from the visible, the mutable and the physical towards the invisible and eternal. Then Christianity entered the world and declared that the movement had taken place in the opposite direction. Man had not climbed high enough to reach God. God had come down. The God Philosophy W…
Read article →The crucifixion in history, Scripture and the Qur'an
Did Jesus Really Die? The crucifixion in history, Scripture and the Qur'an Christianity and Islam cannot both be correct about the death of Jesus. The Gospel declares that Jesus was crucified under Pontius Pilate, died, was buried and rose bodily from the dead. His…
Read article →Eustathius of Antioch, the human soul of Christ and the pictures created by our words
…n succeeds only against the claim that the divine nature was converted into a needy body. Christianity teaches instead that the divine Son remained what He eternally is while making a complete human life truly His own. Speaking more faithfully No analogy can contain the incarnati…
Read article →Matthew, the Hebrew word almah, and a sign whose meaning reaches beyond Ahaz
…k word parthenos for Isaiah 7:14. The Jewish Greek translation of Isaiah, produced before Christianity, already rendered almah with parthenos, the ordinary Greek term for a virgin or maiden. This point is sometimes overstated by saying that seventy or seventy-two Jewish scholars…
Read article →What the Father's love for the Son reveals about God
…ion to love and freely express it when He creates. That answer should be taken seriously. Christianity does not need to prove the Trinity by defining love in a way which makes every alternative logically impossible. The biblical case is stronger than that. Jesus does not leave us…
Read article →A history of interpretation, polemic, and forgotten tension
…rn category. The apostolic starting point was Jewish The earliest Church did not think of Christianity as a Gentile religion which had displaced Israel. Jesus and the apostles were Jewish. The first believers worshipped in Jerusalem, appealed to Israel's prophets, and proclaimed…
Read article →Faith, assurance, and the unseen reality of God
…. There can grow within us a recognition that is difficult to convey to someone who knows Christianity principally as a subject of debate. God is no longer merely a proposition under consideration. We have come to trust Him. That does not mean every Christian must have a dramatic…
Read article →A response to Hank Hanegraaff on resurrection, Daniel’s final week, and the Tribulation
…e, a personal Antichrist and a final measured period were present within ancient catholic Christianity. Cyril’s authority does not settle the interpretation, and Hanegraaff is not required to agree with every Father venerated within Eastern Orthodoxy. The historical evidence does…
Read article →Testing Islam's evidence for divine revelation
…eism? Those questions deserve answers, and the preceding articles have supplied them. But Christianity is not the only faith carrying a burden of proof. Islam does not merely criticise Christian revelation. It presents another book, another prophet and another account of Jesus, t…
Read article →The covenant son and the sacrifice that points to Christ
…nferred from the sequence and supplied by interpretation. This difference is fundamental. Christianity does not begin with an unnamed son and reason backwards from later religious geography. It begins with a text which repeatedly gives the name. The strongest Islamic case The Mus…
Read article →The divine identity of Jesus across the Gospels
…Father and lived as the object of the Father's love. This is why the incarnation matters. Christianity does not deny the evidence of Jesus' humanity. He is born, grows, hungers, sleeps, prays, suffers and dies. Surah 5:75 points to Jesus and Mary eating food as evidence against t…
Read article →Why the Trinity is not polytheism—and why Christians confess one God
…ristians believed the Father, Son, and Spirit were three separate divine beings. Historic Christianity denies precisely that. The doctrine of the Trinity is an attempt to hold together everything Scripture reveals: there is one God; the Father is God; the Son is God; the Holy Spi…
Read article →An unrequited love for the historic Church
…ry later development apostolic. There is a particular accusation made against evangelical Christianity that I feel more deeply than might be expected. We are told that we are rootless individualists: Christians without a Church, readers without rulers, minds pursuing private illu…
Read article →Spiritual ecstasy, altered states, and discerning what is from God
…ssing’”. Time, “Laughing for the Lord,” a contemporary report from Holy Trinity Brompton. Christianity Today, “Revival: Pensacola Outpouring Keeps Gushing,” a contemporary report from Brownsville. Dave Hunt, Occult Invasion: The Subtle Seduction of the World and Church. Dave Hunt…
Read article →The Messiah cut off before the Temple fell
…s not possess. But they do not remove the problem. Daniel 9 existed within Judaism before Christianity. Its prophecy places the cutting off of an anointed figure before the destruction of the city and sanctuary. Jesus appeared during the Second Temple period, was recognised as th…
Read article →The glory philosophy could not contain
…r an objection. It should enlarge our worship. The Incarnation is not merely a difficulty Christianity can survive; it is glory Christianity alone can proclaim. The Maker entered His creation. The eternal Son made our nature His own. The One whom the heaven of heavens cannot cont…
Read article →Constantine, Arius, the Trinity, the biblical canon—and the myths that refuse to die
…The Council of Nicaea has become a screen upon which almost every conspiracy about early Christianity is projected. Constantine invented the Trinity. Jesus was voted into deity. Paganism defeated biblical Christianity. The emperor chose the books of the Bible. Reincarnation was…
Read article →Trusting God when voices seek to weaken our confidence
…worthy. They answered him not We can feel obliged to produce an immediate answer whenever Christianity is challenged. If we cannot reply quickly and convincingly, we may feel that our faith has somehow failed. Isaiah 36 gives us a different picture. In this instance, the people’s…
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