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Trace a question through the evidence.

Search by subject, then refine by approach. A prophecy study may also be apologetic or discerning because subject tells you what it examines, while approach tells you how it examines it.

19 results for “Difficult texts”

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Article · ChristologyBiblical exposition · Christian apologetics · Christological analysis

“I Am the First, and I Am the Last”

Isaiah, John, and the Divine Identity of Jesus Christ

…within the divine identity whose action Isaiah describes. This is a synthesis of the two texts, not a claim that Isaiah’s first hearers already possessed John’s account of the Word. John gives further revelation about the Creator whom Isaiah had distinguished so sharply from cre…

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Article · Biblical InterpretationBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Did God Give Laws That Were Not Good?

Ezekiel 20, child sacrifice, and the judgement of being given over

…words in Ezekiel 20:25 can sound startling when read alone. The following verse makes the difficulty sharper by connecting the judgement with offerings of the firstborn. Did God command child sacrifice? Was He admitting that His own law was evil? The words deserve a serious answe…

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Article · Biblical InterpretationBiblical exposition · Historical analysis · Archaeology · Apologetics

Did Israel Invent Yahweh?

El, the Exodus, and the God Who Came from Sinai

…he exact etymology of Shaddai remains disputed, so more should not be claimed than the contexts warrant. The memorial pattern is especially clear in expressions formed with Yahweh’s covenant name. After God provides the ram in Isaac’s place, Abraham names the location YHWH-jireh:…

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Article · Jesus ChristHistorical study · Apologetics · Comparative theology

Did Jesus Really Die?

The crucifixion in history, Scripture and the Qur'an

…ury, also separates the heavenly Saviour from the suffering perceived by His enemies. Its difficult passage says that Simon bore the cross and repeatedly speaks of "another" receiving elements of the passion while the Saviour rejoices above. Scholars differ over how its body-Chri…

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Article · ChristologyBiblical theology · Christological analysis · Historical theology · Primary-source study · Pastoral theology

Did the Incarnation Limit God?

Eustathius of Antioch, the human soul of Christ and the pictures created by our words

…divine nature. Eustathius’s answer protected something essential. It also exposed another difficulty. Once the Word and Christ’s complete humanity were carefully distinguished, how should Christians confess their indivisible unity? How could they avoid turning Jesus into a divine…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition · Apologetics

God's Unfailing Faithfulness

Why Israel's failure cannot make the word of God fail

…ognises that Christ can bring a fulfilment greater than the first hearers understood. The difficulty is that the prophets already distinguish Israel's unworthiness from God's determination to restore it. Ezekiel names the profaning "house of Israel" before promising to gather and…

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Article · Christian DoctrineHistorical investigation · Theological analysis · Biblical theology · Primary-source study

Have Evangelicals Become Neo-Gnostics?

History, heresy, and the temptation of private Christianity

…, and saving revelation. Sethian materials differ from Valentinian ones. Even Valentinian texts do not form a perfectly uniform system. “The Gnostics believed” should therefore make us cautious. Nevertheless, a responsible comparison remains possible if the definition is sufficie…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchHistorical study · Apologetics · Biblical discernment

How Supersessionism Took Root in the Early Church

A history of interpretation, polemic, and forgotten tension

…Jewish national association with the land. Whatever Rome intended, the symbolic effect is difficult to miss: Judaea disappeared from the official provincial map, and Jerusalem from the city's official name. To a Christian already inclined to read the military defeat as divine jud…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics · Historical study

Is the Pretribulation Rapture Without Biblical Basis?

A response to Hank Hanegraaff on resurrection, Daniel’s final week, and the Tribulation

…burned, soldiers brought their standards into the temple area and sacrificed to them. The difficulty is chronological as well as symbolic. The Roman standards provide the clearest idolatrous object, but their worship within the captured precincts came too late to function as Jesu…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition

Israel and the Church: Why This Series Matters

The question reaches beyond prophecy to the faithfulness of God

…st guarantee the promises in all the fullness God intended? The answer must come from the texts themselves. A literal reading does not mean woodenly ignoring symbols, poetry, typology, or progressive revelation. It means allowing context to determine what is symbolic and refusing…

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Article · Jesus ChristBiblical exposition · Apologetics · Comparative theology

Not Just a Prophet

The divine identity of Jesus across the Gospels

…e verb by itself proves deity every time it appears. Context determines its force. The contexts here steadily remove the weaker explanation. Jesus walks upon the sea in the scriptural pattern of God's own rule over the waters. He rises from the dead. He declares that all authorit…

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Article · Comparative ReligionHistorical study · Apologetics · Comparative theology · Biblical discernment

Revelation or Reception?

Sources behind Qur’anic narratives

…ry can travel orally without the hearer ever seeing the book in which we now find it. Two texts can also inherit material from a common tradition rather than one copying the other directly. Similarity is not enough. But repeated, distinctive and chronologically prior similarities…

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Article · Bible and ManuscriptsHistorical study · Apologetics · Comparative theology

The Injeel Problem

Which Gospel does the Qur'an affirm?

…us position than merely shouting, "The Bible was changed." It recognises genuine Qur'anic texts and a real distinction between the Christian New Testament and the Islamic concept of a revelation given to Jesus. But it creates a historical and logical burden which Islam has never…

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Article · ProphecyBiblical exposition · Biblical theology

The King, Zion and the Coming Kingdom: Reading Isaiah 32–35 Across the Prophetic Horizon

The near was real. The far is still coming.

…which ignores approaching judgment, from assurance, which rests upon divine renewal. The difficult imagery of verse 19 brings judgment back into view: hail strikes the forest and a city is brought low. The precise identification of forest and city is disputed. The verse should n…

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Article · Comparative ReligionApologetics · Comparative theology · Biblical exposition · Theological reflection

The Sum of These Things

Christianity, Islam and the verdict of the evidence

…evidence it prefers, but for the whole body of evidence—including the facts which create difficulty for its own claims. This is the closing address. And the final question is not merely whether Islam can answer an isolated Christian objection. It is this: Which account of God, C…

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Article · Christian DoctrineBiblical exposition · Apologetics · Pastoral reflection

What Did They Reject?

The Gospel, Human Perception, and the Illuminating Work of the Holy Spirit

…ally may leave every one of those questions untouched. There is a biblical example of the difficulty in Athens. When Paul preached Jesus and the resurrection, some hearers concluded that he was proclaiming strange gods. They heard Christian proclamation through the categories ava…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics

When Do Persecuted Christians Receive Rest?

Michael Brown, 2 Thessalonians 1, and the public vindication of the saints

…ain the difference between the rapture and the Second Coming, he struggled. He found that difficulty especially strange because he could articulate other doctrines clearly. Brown then bought books explaining pretribulationism, learnt the system, became devoted to it and taught it…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Why the Cumulative Case Points to a Pretribulation Rapture

The positive argument of the whole series, brought together

…lated comings. It distinguishes stages within the one future coming of Christ because the texts describe different directions, purposes, audiences, and results. Daniel's unfinished programme has a defined subject Daniel's seventy weeks are decreed upon "thy people and upon thy ho…

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