What the Father's love for the Son reveals about God
…). That statement raises a serious question. If God is eternally one solitary Person, was divine love eternally active, or did it exist only as a capacity awaiting creation? Did relationship begin when God made something other than Himself? The question is often turned into a qui…
Read article →The incarnation, the limits of created perspective and the love philosophy could not imagine
…er Neoplatonism developed this into an ordered ascent from the material world towards the divine source of all things. Matter occupied the lowest level. In Plotinus, it could be described in terms of privation (the absence or lack of positive being and goodness), darkness and evi…
Read article →Circumcision of the heart and the identity of Paul's inward Jew
…ers propose a different addressee: a circumcised Gentile or Gentile claimant who calls himself a Jew. The wording of verse 17 can permit attention to the act of being called a Jew, and Romans uses the rhetorical device of an imagined opponent. That reading remains debated and is…
Read article →History, heresy, and the temptation of private Christianity
…the public life of a believing community. Modern Protestants likewise elevate the knowing self over the church, inward experience over sacrament, escape over pilgrimage, and an enlightened minority over ordinary baptised Christians. The resemblance can be unsettling. It is also e…
Read article →Does John 6 teach the literal eating of Christ's body?
…han a reflexive Protestant answer. But they also require us to do what the presentation itself often fails to do: begin at the beginning of the discourse, follow the argument in sequence, and allow John to explain John. This article is not an attempt to settle every question conc…
Read article →A history of interpretation, polemic, and forgotten tension
…power precisely because no ordinary historical process could achieve it. The Roman map itself reinforced the impression. After the Bar Kokhba revolt, the province of Judaea became Syria Palaestina, while Jerusalem was refounded as the Roman colony Aelia Capitolina. Jewish people…
Read article →Jesus and the fountain of living water
…" —Isaiah 12:3 Then, on the last day, Jesus stood. Teachers ordinarily sat. Jesus made Himself conspicuous, and He cried so that the crowd could hear. He did not direct them towards another ceremony or merely offer an interpretation of the feast. He placed Himself at the centre o…
Read article →Two accounts of judgement, mercy, and the sinner's hope before God
…y just judgement according to works. Christianity does not replace moral seriousness with divine indifference. Yet at the centre of the gospel stands an answer that no scale can supply: the Judge has provided a substitute, and righteousness is given to the believer through Christ…
Read article →Born, begotten and firstborn in the eternal identity and saving work of the Son
…Spirit eternally are in God’s own being. The economy of salvation refers to how the three divine persons act toward creation and within history to accomplish redemption. The distinction does not divide God into two Trinities. Nor does it imply that God merely wears three temporar…
Read article →The Gospel, Human Perception, and the Illuminating Work of the Holy Spirit
…he Spirit brings the sinner to recognise the living God, his own guilt, and the glory and sufficiency of Jesus Christ—and to believe on Him. The same words can carry different worlds Consider a short gospel explanation: God is holy. You are a sinner. Jesus Christ died for your si…
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