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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Are Abraham's Seed and the Israel of God the Church?

Christ the promised Seed, Gentile inheritance, and Paul's final blessing

Are Abraham's Seed and the Israel of God the Church? Christ the promised Seed, Gentile inheritance, and Paul's final blessing Galatians contains two of the strongest arguments for identifying the Church as Israel. First, Pau…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchApologetics · Biblical discernment · Biblical exposition

No Shadow of Turning

What God's faithfulness to Israel means for everyone who trusts His promises

No Shadow of Turning What God's faithfulness to Israel means for everyone who trusts His promises This series has examined covenants, prophecies, apostles, thrones, tribes, branches, seeds, kingdoms,…

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Article · Christian DoctrineBiblical exposition · Apologetics · Theological reflection · Comparative theology

Eternal Love Before Creation

What the Father's love for the Son reveals about God

Eternal Love Before Creation What the Father's love for the Son reveals about God Before there was a universe, what was there for God to love? There were no angels, no human beings and no created order. Nothing outside God existed. Yet Scripture does…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition

Israel and the Church: Why This Series Matters

The question reaches beyond prophecy to the faithfulness of God

…Church: Why This Series Matters The question reaches beyond prophecy to the faithfulness of God Has the Church replaced Israel in the purpose of God? Some Christians answer yes, although they may prefer words such as fulfilled, transformed, or expanded. They believe that Israel'…

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Article · Biblical InterpretationBiblical exposition · Apologetics · Comparative theology

Was Muhammad Foretold in the Bible?

Four popular claims tested in context

…etold in the Bible? Four popular claims tested in context The Qur'an says that the coming of Muhammad was written in the Torah and the Gospel possessed by Jews and Christians: "Those who follow the messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write, whom they will find describ…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition · Apologetics

What Does 'They Are Not All Israel, Which Are of Israel' Mean?

Election within Abraham's family, the believing remnant, and the future of the nation

What Does "They Are Not All Israel, Which Are of Israel" Mean? Election within Abraham's family, the believing remnant, and the future of the nation Romans 9:6 is often used as a definition of spiritual Israel: "For they are not all Isr…

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Article · Comparative ReligionApologetics · Gospel foundations · Comparative theology

The Scales and the Cross

Two accounts of judgement, mercy, and the sinner's hope before God

The Scales and the Cross Two accounts of judgement, mercy, and the sinner's hope before God How will I stand before God? The question reaches deeper than religious labels. We know that our actions matter, that evil deserves judg…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics · Biblical discernment

Does Matthew 24 Place the Rapture after the Tribulation?

The gathering of the elect, one taken and one left, and Paul's revealed mystery

Does Matthew 24 Place the Rapture after the Tribulation? The gathering of the elect, one taken and one left, and Paul's revealed mystery Matthew 24 contains the most direct Gospel objection to a pretribulation rapture. Jesus describes Great Tribulation, cosmic…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Is the Church Appointed to the Tribulation's Wrath?

Divine judgement, the character of God, and the promise of escape

Is the Church Appointed to the Tribulation's Wrath? Divine judgement, the character of God, and the promise of escape The claim that the Church is not appointed to wrath is sometimes answered too quickly. Christians plainly suffer. Jesus promised tribulation in the world. T…

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Article · RaptureApologetics · Historical study

Did Darby Invent the Pretribulation Rapture?

What the historical evidence proves—and what it does not

…ure? What the historical evidence proves—and what it does not The historical objection is often stated in absolute terms: no Christian taught the rapture before John Nelson Darby devised it in the nineteenth century. The conclusion then follows that pretribulationism cannot be ap…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Was the Kingdom Taken from Israel?

The wicked husbandmen, the fruit-bearing nation, and what Jesus said afterwards

…icked husbandmen, the fruit-bearing nation, and what Jesus said afterwards Few statements of Jesus appear to support supersessionism more directly than Matthew 21:43: "Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the f…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Are Gentile Believers Grafted into Israel?

The olive tree, the natural branches, and the limits of the metaphor

…ntile Believers Grafted into Israel? The olive tree, the natural branches, and the limits of the metaphor Romans 11 pictures Gentile believers as branches taken from a wild olive tree and grafted into a cultivated olive tree. They now share its nourishing root alongside branches…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition

Daniel's Seventieth Week and the New Testament Tribulation

Why the final seven is unfinished, future, and centred upon Israel and Jerusalem

…interval invented to make a prophetic chart work. That criticism begins at the wrong end of the Bible. The case does not start by counting backwards from Revelation. It starts with a measured programme in Daniel concerning Israel and Jerusalem. Jesus takes Daniel's abomination o…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Does Romans 2:28–29 Make Christians 'Spiritual Jews'?

Circumcision of the heart and the identity of Paul's inward Jew

Does Romans 2:28-29 Make Christians "Spiritual Jews"? Circumcision of the heart and the identity of Paul's inward Jew Paul's description of the inward Jew is often treated as a decisive redefinition of Israel: "For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; n…

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Article · Biblical InterpretationBiblical exposition · Apologetics · Comparative theology · Historical study

Isaac, Not Ishmael

The covenant son and the sacrifice that points to Christ

Isaac, Not Ishmael The covenant son and the sacrifice that points to Christ Did God choose Isaac or Ishmael? This is not a tribal debate. It is a covenant question. The answer does not require hostility towards Arabs, cont…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition

Where Is the Church during Revelation's Judgements?

Earth-dwellers, heaven-dwellers, and the literary structure of the Apocalypse

…ring Revelation's Judgements? Earth-dwellers, heaven-dwellers, and the literary structure of the Apocalypse The argument that the word church disappears after Revelation 3 is often stated as though silence alone proves a rapture between chapters 3 and 4. It does not. A word count…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Why the Cumulative Case Points to a Pretribulation Rapture

The positive argument of the whole series, brought together

Why the Cumulative Case Points to a Pretribulation Rapture The positive argument of the whole series, brought together The case for a pretribulation rapture should not rest upon one disputed word, one prophetic chart, or one passage made to carry more than it says. It is…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition

Twelve Thrones and Twelve Tribes

What Jesus promised the apostles about Israel's future

…will those who sacrifice for Christ receive? Jesus answered with a promise larger than personal reward. He spoke of His own glorious throne, twelve apostolic thrones, and the twelve tribes of Israel: "Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Does the New Testament Reaffirm Israel's Promises?

Fulfilment in Christ, the inclusion of the Gentiles, and Israel's future mercy

Does the New Testament Reaffirm Israel's Promises? Fulfilment in Christ, the inclusion of the Gentiles, and Israel's future mercy The Old Testament repeatedly promises Israel preservation, regathering, cleansing, the kingdom of David's Son, and a restored relationship with God…

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Article · RaptureApologetics · Biblical discernment

Four Difficult Texts for Pretribulationism

The man of sin, the last trumpet, the first resurrection, and the last day

Four Difficult Texts for Pretribulationism The man of sin, the last trumpet, the first resurrection, and the last day A cumulative case should be exposed to the passages which appear least friendly to it. Four objections deserve particular a…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchHistorical study · Apologetics · Biblical discernment

How Supersessionism Took Root in the Early Church

A history of interpretation, polemic, and forgotten tension

How Supersessionism Took Root in the Early Church A history of interpretation, polemic, and forgotten tension Supersessionism did not appear in one moment through one theologian. It developed as the Church became increasingly Gentile, separated socia…

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Article · Christian HopeBiblical exposition · Theological reflection · Historical study

Is the Beatific Vision the Whole Christian Hope?

Seeing God, bodily resurrection, and life in the renewed creation

Is the Beatific Vision the Whole Christian Hope? Seeing God, bodily resurrection, and life in the renewed creation The beatific vision is the Christian teaching that the redeemed will see God and find their perfect happiness in Him. It draws upon…

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Article · HermeneuticsApologetics · Biblical exposition · Historical study

Defending Dispensationalism

Responding to five common criticisms without defending what Scripture does not require

…common criticisms without defending what Scripture does not require Dispensationalism is often criticised by slogans before it is defined. It allegedly began with John Nelson Darby, turns the Church into God's failed contingency plan, ignores the fulfilment of prophecy in AD 70,…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics

If Antichrist Must Come First, Is Christ's Coming Imminent?

Signs, expectancy, and the event the Church is told to await

…ievers towards Christ Himself: "Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ." —Titus 2:13 "For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ." —Philippians 3:20 The object…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition · Apologetics

The New Testament Is a Very Jewish Story

Israel's Messiah, Israel's Scriptures, and a gospel for the world

…m. Its Scriptures have been used to justify contempt for Jews, and its Jewish Messiah has often been presented with little connection to the people, covenants, and hopes into which He was born. That history cannot be denied. It can, however, obscure the world of the New Testament…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Does 'Meet the Lord in the Air' Mean an Immediate Return to Earth?

Why apantēsis does not settle the timing of the rapture

…d in the Air" Mean an Immediate Return to Earth? Why apantēsis does not settle the timing of the rapture One of the most sophisticated objections to pretribulationism centres on a single Greek noun. Paul says that living believers will be caught up with the resurrected dead "to m…

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Article · Comparative ReligionApologetics · Historical study · Comparative theology · Biblical discernment

Is the Qur'an a Miracle?

Testing Islam's evidence for divine revelation

…ently placed on the defensive. Has the Bible been corrupted? Did Jesus really claim to be God? Was He actually crucified? Has the doctrine of the Trinity compromised monotheism? Those questions deserve answers, and the preceding articles have supplied them. But Christianity is no…

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Article · Bible and ManuscriptsApologetics · Historical study · Biblical discernment

Can We Trust the Bible?

How an openly transmitted text survived copying, criticism, and centuries of examination

…rust the Bible? How an openly transmitted text survived copying, criticism, and centuries of examination Christians sometimes hear a sweeping objection: the Bible may once have contained God's word, but generations of copying changed it so thoroughly that nobody can now know what…

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Article · Comparative ReligionHistorical study · Apologetics · Comparative theology · Biblical discernment

Revelation or Reception?

Sources behind Qur’anic narratives

…cave and awaken after a sleep lasting centuries. A two-horned ruler travels to the limits of the earth and constructs a metal barrier against Gog and Magog. Mary receives dates and water beside a palm tree. These are not stories found in the Torah or the four Gospels. Yet recogni…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchApologetics · Biblical discernment

What Is Supersessionism, and Why Does It Matter?

Defining the position before testing it

…ful popular label, but it can also conceal important differences. Many Christians accused of teaching that the Church replaced Israel would reject that wording. They believe that the Church is the fulfilment, continuation, or expansion of Israel rather than its substitute. The di…

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Article · Israel and the ChurchBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Are Israel and the Church Really the Same?

Unity in Christ and distinction in God's purpose

Are Israel and the Church Really the Same? Unity in Christ and distinction in God's purpose The New Testament teaches a unity so profound that it would have startled the ancient world. In Christ, Jewish and Gentile believers are reconciled to God in one body. Both pos…

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Article · Jesus ChristHistorical study · Apologetics · Comparative theology

Did Jesus Really Die?

The crucifixion in history, Scripture and the Qur'an

…y, Scripture and the Qur'an Christianity and Islam cannot both be correct about the death of Jesus. The Gospel declares that Jesus was crucified under Pontius Pilate, died, was buried and rose bodily from the dead. His death is not a peripheral detail which can be removed while l…

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Article · Bible and ManuscriptsHistorical study · Apologetics · Comparative theology

The Injeel Problem

Which Gospel does the Qur'an affirm?

…Qur'an affirm? Islam says that Allah gave Jesus the Injeel. It was a true revelation from God. It contained guidance and light. The Qur'an claims to confirm it. The People of the Gospel are told to judge by what God revealed within it. Yet when Christians open the Gospel they pos…

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Article · Biblical InterpretationBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Does Isaiah 7:14 Really Prophesy a Virgin Birth?

Matthew, the Hebrew word almah, and a sign whose meaning reaches beyond Ahaz

…word almah, and a sign whose meaning reaches beyond Ahaz Matthew says that the conception of Jesus by the Holy Ghost fulfilled Isaiah's words: "Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel." —Matthew 1:23 Critics often a…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Every Christian Should Believe in the Rapture

The event is explicit; the real dispute is its timing

…lieve in the Rapture The event is explicit; the real dispute is its timing The rapture is often treated as though it were an eccentric event invented by dispensationalists. That framing confuses two different questions. The first is whether Scripture teaches that living believers…

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Article · RaptureBiblical exposition · Apologetics

Secret Rapture—or Biblical Distinction?

Why a loaded label does not settle the question

…oes not settle the question “The secret rapture is unbiblical.” The phrase is repeated so often that it can sound like an argument. It is not. Pretribulationists do not claim that Christ descends silently, that believers disappear without an event, or that nothing extraordinary o…

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